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10级地震中,故宫模型岿然不倒!英国纪录片揭秘故宫建筑之神奇!

By 中国日报网双语新闻 | China Daily | Updated: 2017-08-09 08:26

说起故宫,这座世界上最为独特的博物馆,不光中国人感到自豪,外国人聊起来也是赞叹不已。近期,英国第4电视台推出了一系列关于中国的纪录片,其中有一集是《紫禁城的秘密》(Secrets of China's Forbidden City),为外国观众仔细讲述了这庞大工程在建筑过程中鲜为人知的秘密。

其中一段揭秘了故宫为何能在几个世纪的风雨飘摇中依然屹立不倒。

In its 600 years, the Forbidden City has withstood over 200 devastating quakes, including the deadliest earthquake in 1976, which centered around 150 kilometers east of the capital. Tangshan city was obliterated in that earthquake.

建成600年来,故宫经历了200多场破坏性的地震,包括1976年那场最为骇人的地震,震中就在北京以东大约150公里处。在那场地震中,唐山被夷为平地。

为了解开故宫建筑的秘密,专业木匠们按照1:5的比例,以中国古建筑榫卯和斗拱的建筑结构,复制出了一栋缩小的紫禁城建筑模型并对它进行了地震模拟测试。

在测试中,模型尽管晃动了很久,仍然稳稳当当地站在原地,只是发生了些许位移。

而这其中的关键,在于一个叫做“斗拱”的结构。

A Dougong is a complex bracket that supports the huge roof. At first glance, it looks like an elaborate decorative feature. But the unique design is the structural key to every Forbidden City building.

斗拱是一个结构复杂的支架,用于支撑巨大的屋顶。斗拱乍一看像一个精致的装饰物,但其独特的设计构成了故宫建筑群结构的关键。

斗拱由拱形和方斗形木块层层交错叠加而构成,一颗钉子也没用,这一点让外国专家赞不绝口:

Amazingly there are no nails or glue, nothing holding it together, other than sheer ingenuity.

令人惊讶的是,斗拱既没有钉子,也不用粘合剂,只靠着这种精巧的设计,牢固地组装在一起。

"So you can see it's a little bit flexible. It's very strong. Pressing down it can take a tremendous amount of weight. It ties together with other parts of the building and is a beautiful creative feature of Chinese architecture."

你可以发现它比较灵活,但也很坚固,压一压,它能承受巨大的重量。它能和建筑的其他部分结合在一起,是中国建筑中一件精美绝伦的设计。

这种结构使得木块牢固地结合起来,同时每层又有一定的松动。大大提升了建筑物的抗震性能。

The Dougong acts like a shock absorber in a car and there's both friction and rotation that absorbs the energy from the earthquake.

斗拱的功能相当于汽车里的减震器,零件的摩擦和转动抵消了地震产生的冲击力。

片中总结说,故宫抗震的秘密可以用一个词来概括:flexibility(柔韧、灵活)。

正是这种“柔中带刚”的特点,造就了故宫建成600年仍屹立不倒的奇迹。

外国专家感慨:

This is a fabulous proof of the genius of Chinese traditional architecture.

这是一个极好的例子,证明了中国传统建筑的天才之处。

对故宫而言,另一个潜在的威胁是大火。

For nearly 600 years, Beijing's vast Forbidden City has suffered from a recurring threat��fire.

在近600年历史中,北京规模宏大的故宫曾遭受一种反复的劫难——火灾。

The grand wooden Hall of Supreme Harmony has burned down numerous times.

宏伟的木质建筑太和殿曾多次被焚毁。

Rebuilding and restoring the Forbidden City remains an ongoing task. Today, work is being carried out on the gates, courtyards, walls and ceilings.

故宫的重建和修复仍在进行中。如今,大门、庭院、墙壁和天花板仍在修复中。

10级地震中,故宫模型岿然不倒!英国纪录片揭秘故宫建筑之神奇!

 

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