Yuan ascends into the world's top five as payment currency

The PBOC sets a reference rate every trading day and imposes a trading band of 2 percent. If the currency touches the bottom of the reference range, the central bank can take one of three steps: intervene to support the yuan, cut the reference rate or widen the band.

The central bank adjusted its daily fixing lower to 6.1384 from 6.1342 previously to prevent the spot rate from hitting the bottom of the range.

"The dollar is on a cyclical rise, rather than an instant one," said Ding Zhijie, a professor of international finance at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. "That means downward pressure for all major currencies around the world, not only the yuan."

Wang Youxin, a researcher at the Institute of International Finance under Bank of China Ltd, noted the 12-month nondeliverable yuan forwards, which signal the offshore market's outlook for the currency's value, have been declining since July.

That trend implies that the global market's bet on a weaker yuan a year down the line is based on China's own declining economic growth.

"Given the situation, widening the trading band is an option. Further, the central bank should shift from its strategy of a de facto peg of the yuan against the dollar to one that gives other major currencies more weight," said Wang.

That could lead to a scenario where the Chinese currency depreciates against the dollar while also appreciating against, for example, the euro, instead of falling against all currencies just because of a dollar rally.

In terms of the trading band, many institutions have speculated that the PBOC may widen the band to 3 percent this year as long as the currency continues to demonstrate two-way volatility.

Ding said that doing so might prompt institutions to bet on continuous appreciation of the dollar and buy the dollar, which would prompt a further slide of the yuan.

Instead, he said, there is still room to use the reference rate to prop up the currency.

Many expect the yuan to depreciate slightly against the dollar in 2015. Fielding Chen, a China economist with Bloomberg, said in a note that a big drop is unlikely, because such a drop would inspire political pressure from the US.

Significant depreciation might also trigger big capital outflows, which would threaten the financial sector's stability, Chen said.

As the PBOC is expected to cut interest rates this year, a narrower yuan-dollar interest rate differential could deter capital inflows while contributing to the depreciation of the yuan.

But Wang said there are also factors positive for appreciation. For example, the falling oil price would push up China's trade surplus.

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