How Western countries ensure application of 'patriots-administering' principle

Australia

・ The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act stipulates that any person who: (I) is under any acknowledgment of allegiance, obedience, or adherence to a foreign power, or is a subject or a citizen or entitled to the rights or privileges of a subject or a citizen of a foreign power; or (II) is attainted of treason, or has been convicted and is under sentence, or subject to be sentenced, for any offense punishable under the law of the Commonwealth or of a state by imprisonment for one year or longer, shall be incapable of being chosen or of sitting as a senator or a member of the House of Representatives.

・ The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act stipulates that every senator and every member of the House of Representatives shall before taking his seat make and subscribe before the governor-general, or some person authorized by him/her, an oath or affirmation of allegiance in the form set forth in the schedule to the Constitution.

・ The Public Service Act 1999 stipulates that an Australian Public Service employee on duty overseas must at all times behave in a way that upholds the good reputation of Australia. Any violations may result in termination of employment, reduction in salary, deductions from salary by way of fine, or reassignment of duties.

・ The Guidance for Australia Public Service Employees and Agencies: Personal Behavior on Social Media issued by the Australian government in 2017 regulates civil servants' behavior on the internet and restricts them from criticizing the government online.

Xinhua