Anti-graft success entails complete legal norms

In general, China's anti-corruption campaign has successively shifted from a mass movement and a leadership-directed practice that largely rest with power, to an institutionalized movement.

However, the "big tigers", or major power abusers such as Zhou Yongkang, the country's former security chief, Xu Caihou, former vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission; and Ling Jihua, former minister of the United Front Work Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, had grown up despite the nation's anti-corruption efforts with power and mechanism.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, Chinese top leader Xi Jinping has reiterated the significance of "rule of law" in the country's anti-graft efforts. And the Fourth Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee set up the goal of "governance according to the law".