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Fossil strengthens avian-dino link
(China Daily)
Updated: 2009-06-18 07:53
PARIS: A young dinosaur that fatefully wandered into a mudpool around 155 million years ago could help explain the mysterious evolution of birds, says the world's most famous fossil-hunter. A team led Xing Xu, a Chinese dino expert with scores of astonishing finds to his name, uncovered the fossilized remains of a small, exceptional dinosaur in the Shishugou Formation in western China's Junggar Basin. The creature is the only known beaked herbivorous theropod - the family of two-legged dinosaurs that were notorious meat-eaters - from the Jurassic era, the scientists report in Nature, the London scientific journal. Xu's team has dubbed it Limusaurus inextricabilis, or dinosaur that could not extricate itself from the mire. It is the first known ceratosaur, a branch of the theropod family, to be found in Asia. But Limusaurus' big interest is in its feet, which could settle a raging argument about the evolution of birds. A widely accepted theory is that birds emerged from small theropod dinosaurs, developing wings from reptilian forelimbs. The earliest known bird, Archaeopteryx, lived around 150 million years ago. But in the late 1990s, evidence came forward that appeared to punch a hole in the bird-dino idea. Theropods have digits corresponding to the first, second and third digits - the thumb, index and middle finger - on a human hand. But scientists discovered that in bird embryos, all five digits start to emerge, yet only the second, third and fourth digits survive to develop into the wing structure. The first and outer digits disappear. In other words, the 1-2-3 of dino digital orthodoxy ran into the 2-3-4 of avian digital reality. There was no way that bird's wings could have developed this way, said critics. They claimed either theropods were not the forerunners of birds - or else theropods and birds shared some pre-dino common ancestor. But the new study shows that Limusaurus, startlingly, has a greatly-reduced first digit, while its second, third and fourth digits are far more fully developed. This could be a sign of a process by which digit use shifted, with ceratosaurs as a sort of halfway house, argues Xu. Xu, of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, backs this theory by doing a three-way comparison between Limusaurus, primitive theropods and early tetanurans, a theropod sub-group from which Archaeopteryx emerged. Early tetanurans have similar wrist-bone features to Limusaurus when it comes to digits 2-3-4. But their finger-bone features are more similar to primitive theropods in digits 1-2-3. "The transition to tetanurans involved complex changes in the hand including a shift in digit identities, with ceratosaurs displaying an intermediate condition," he suggests. AFP
(China Daily 06/18/2009 page10) |
