(1) A contract is concluded through the use of fraud or coercion by one party to damage the interests of the State;
(2) Malicious collusion is conducted to damage the interests of the State. A collective or a third party;
(3) An illegitimate purpose is concealed under the guise of legitimate acts;
(4) Damaging the public interests;
(5) Violating the compulsory provisions of the laws and administrative regulations.

Article 53 The following immunity clauses in a contract shall be null and void:

(1) those that cause personal injury to the other party;
(2) those that cause property damages to the other party as a result of deliberate intent or gross fault.

Article 54 A party shall have the right to request the people's court or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke the following contracts:

(1) those concluded as a result of serious misunderstanding;
(2) those that are obviously unfair at the time when concluding the contract.

If a contract is concluded by one party against the other party's true intentions through the use of fraud, coercion or exploitation of the other party's unfavorable position. The injured party shall have the right to request the people's court or an arbitration institution to modify or revoke it.

Where a party requests for modification, the people's court or the arbitration institution may not revoke the contract.

Article 55 The right to revoke a contract shall extinguish under any of the following circumstances:

(1) A party having the right to revoke the contract fails to exercise the right within one year from the day that it knows or ought to know the revoking causes;
(2) A party having the right to revoke the contract explicitly expresses or conducts an act to waive the right after it know the revoking causes.

Article 56 A contract that is null and void or revoked shall have no legally binding force ever from the very beginning. If part of a contract is null and void without affecting the validity of the other parts, the other parts shall still be valid.

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