A good start, but there is still a long way to go

However, these institutions are far from sufficient to meet the potential demand. Data from the China National Tumor Registry show that 30,000 to 40,000 new pediatric tumor patients are diagnosed in China every year. Lin Guoyan, a researcher for the study and former head nurse at the Butterfly Children's Hospice, estimates that at least 4.5 million children in China need of end-of-life care.

Pediatric palliative care is concerned with the medical, psychosocial, spiritual and financial needs of patients and their families. It provides complex patient care solutions involving all aspects of the healthcare system. The aim is to help relieve suffering and improve the quality of life for dying patients.

Overseas, such care began many years ago, so most countries in Europe and North America now have mature palliative care service systems for children.

The development of pediatric palliative care still faces many obstacles in China, according to the study, which said the country lacks qualified professionals and institutions.

Moreover, pain control medication is not accessible enough and pediatric palliative care is not covered by medical insurance.

"There remains a serious shortage of pediatric medical resources in China, and how to effectively respond to the demand for pediatric palliative care with limited resources is a challenge for the development of pediatric palliative care in the country," the report said.