Steering new dynamics in Asia-Pacific

Effective mechanisms ensure manageable order

Two factors have contributed to relative peace and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific. The first is economic interdependence. The economies of the region have become deeply interconnected through trade, investment, production, networks, and technological cooperation. Sustained economic growth in the region has created strong incentives for stability and collaboration.

The second is the relatively effective regional institutional framework. While no single institution guarantees peace in the Asia-Pacific, multilayered frameworks provide platforms for peaceful dispute resolution, confidence-building measures and crisis management.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations leads the regional dialogue, consultation and communication through various mechanisms.

Together, these factors create an environment where competition remains generally manageable. In recent months, the strategic landscape of the region has shown signs of stabilization, notably the modest easing of stress and competition between the United States and China.

This competition extends far beyond traditional military issues to encompass technologies, supply chains, economic security, artificial intelligence, social security, and access to critical resources. The relationship between Washington and Beijing is becoming one of the defining factors in regional affairs.

Recent interactions between two heads of state highlighted both the persistence of strategic competition and the necessity of sustained dialogue.

Competition between the two powers is likely to continue in the years ahead, but neither side benefits from the instability arising from that competition.

In this regard, the recent agreement on "constructive strategic stability" is a welcome development. If implemented effectively, it could significantly contribute to peace and stability across the Asia-Pacific.

While US-China competition is an important factor, it's not the whole story. Other powers, such as the Republic of Korea, Australia, and Indonesia, are assuming increasingly important regional roles.

With ASEAN continuing to be a vital platform for dialogue and cooperation, the Asia-Pacific region is gradually moving toward a more multipolar and interconnected regional order. This transition presents both opportunities and challenges. A broader distribution of influence can contribute to a more balanced regional architecture, but it may also intensify competition and complicate regional governance.

Today, Asia has multiple layers of security cooperation, and the traditional alliance system continues to play an important role in maintaining strategic stability.

At the same time, ASEAN-led institutions provide inclusive platforms for dialogue and confidence building. We are witnessing the emergence of "minilateralism" — arrangements and issue-based partnerships designed to address specific security and economic challenges.

Rather than viewing these mechanisms as competing, we should regard them as complementary. Security arrangements must contribute not only to national security, but also to regional confidence and stability.

Kim Sung-hwan is the former minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Republic of Korea.