Fact box

China's higher education system has two main categories: standard universities and vocational colleges.

Standard universities are classified into four academic batches, from "pre-batch" to "third batch".

Pre-batch is for students with "nonacademic" skills such as music, drama and art. The first to third batches matriculate students based on their results in the gaokao, the national college entry exam, from highest to lowest.

Those who gain high scores usually attend first-batch universities, while those who fail to meet the threshold score for third-batch universities have to choose vocational colleges.

First-batch universities are widely considered to be good first-tier schools, followed by second-batch universities, which are recognized as second-tier and average.

In the 1990s, the government launched Project 211 and Project 985, which added special qualifications for certain top universities.

Project 211 listed 100 first-tier universities, while Project 985 contained 39 of the best from Project 211. The top nine schools were known as the "C9 League".

The Ministry of Education announced the end of both projects in 2016, but graduates from universities bearing the 211 or 985 tags are still highly sought after by employers.