手机问政 聚焦两会

 

两会召开在即，ChinaDaily手机报"手机问政"调查收到大量读者反馈。大家最关注的民生问题是什么？今年又出现了哪些新的民生诉求？欢迎关注本期慢读深度解析。

截至2月底，已有1750名读者参与了我们的"手机问政"调查，与去年的调查类似，"教育与就业"、"房价"、"食品安全"、"反腐倡廉"、"收入分配"仍是大家关心的两会热点。略有不同的是，"环境保护"成为今年民生热点的一匹"黑马"；此外，精神层面的"国民思想/文化思考"也首次成为热点。而"幸福"、"公平"、"和谐"、"老有所依"等则成为读者反馈的高频词。

Improving education, similar to last year, is seen as the top priority among topics expected to be addressed at the upcoming annual "2 sessions" of the NPC and CPPCC, according to a survey conducted among China Daily Mobile News readers. As of the end of February, 1,750 participants joined the survey. The hot topics also include house prices, food safety, anti-corruption and income distribution, which is consistent with 2012. Environmental protection and trends in cultural thinking are also among the top 7 for the first time. At the same time, "happiness", "fairness", "harmony" and "a decent standard of living for the old" are the most frequently found words among the messages from respondents.

ChinaDaily手机报已连续举行了五届"手机问政􀂷两会调查"。因为手机报读者群(全国各大中学、高校的学生和教师以及企业白领)比较固定，所以总的来说，大家关心的问题集中且具有延续性。与去年类似，教育话题今年仍是大热门，同时，人们继续关心房价和收入等议题。 

 1. 教育与就业手机报读者关于教育方面的反馈达450条(约占问政短信的25.7%)，成为受访手机读者最关心的两会问题。具体包括教育体制改革、大学生就业、教师待遇、大学教师职称评定、农村中小学撤点并校、自考等。其中教育体制改革(290条，16.6%)最受关注，其次是教师待遇(100条，5.7%)和大学生就业(60条，3.4%)。

Up to 450 messages, or 25.7% of the total feedbacks, talk about education, making it the most heated topic in the survey. Specific issues involve education system reform, student employment after higher education, teachers' salaries, instructors' professional title appraisals in colleges, the merging of rural primary and middle schools and self-study examination. Education system reform is attracting the most attention with 290 messages (16.6%), followed by teachers' salaries (100 messages, 5.7%) and university graduates' employment (60 messages, 3.4%).

一位来自内蒙古呼和浩特、正在备战高考的高三学生称，应试压力让同学们疲惫不堪，他希望，"不管教育改革的路有多远，从现在起改，对00后们也许还来得及"。还有不少读者直言，目前高校盲目开设各种专业，大力扩招，教学质量却令人担忧，大学毕业生就业难与此难脱干系。

"I hope it is still not too late for the post-2000 generation if there is a reform of exam-oriented education, though there is a long way to go," says a reader from Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, in his message. He says he is one of those high school students who are now preparing for this year's college entrance examination, and that he and his classmates are getting worn out by the test pressure. Some other readers talk about why college students are finding it hard to get a job after graduation; they think it is related to the expansion of enrollment in colleges. Teaching quality is going downhill with more students enrolled and more majors set up. 

2. 房价房价成为手机报读者第二关注的热门话题，相关问政短信达230条(13.1%)。在这个分项里，近9成读者认为目前房价仍然太高，工薪族难以承受；约半数关注房价的读者认为高房价与官员腐败相关；还有部分读者提出，保障房存在分配不合理、监管漏洞等问题。

The housing price (230 messages, 13.1%) is ranked No 2 among issues attracting attention, just after education. Nearly 90% of those caring about real estate say the current house prices are too high to be afforded by wage-earners; about 50% of them believe the high housing price is related to official corruption. Some respondents talk of social security housing, which they think is not fairly distributed and in which there is also supervision loopholes.

江西南昌一位读者表示，高房价刺激全民和地方政府投机，实业积极性严重萎缩，压抑了内需，刺激了高通胀。要抑制高房价，河南新乡的一位读者认为，必须多管齐下，坚决抑制投机投资性购房，仅靠限购，或许治标不治本。还有不少读者支持尽快实施房产税。

Speculators and local governments at all levels are flocking to real estate invest, making industries shrink; that will further reduce domestic demand and worsen inflation, says a reader from Nanchang, Jiangxi, in his message. How should one curb high house prices? In the view of a reader from Xinxiang, Henan, a variety of measures must be combined to restrict housing speculation and investment; purchase limitations alone won't help much and won't solve the problem. There are also some readers who advise a property tax.

3. 其它延续性热点食品安全(140条，8%)、反腐倡廉(130条，7.4%)和收入分配(109条，6.2%)也成为读者关注的热点。食品安全分项里，7成读者认为现在的食品让人没有"安全感"。反腐方面，大多数读者认为应建立群众舆论监督体制，加强对官员的问责制度。收入分配被谈得最多的是城乡收入差距、工资追不上物价、同工不同酬等问题。

Food safety (140 messages, 8%), anti-corruption (130 messages, 7.4%) and income distribution (109 messages, 6.2%) are also among the hot topics, consistent with last year. Among those interested in food safety, 70% say they doubt about the food safety in China. Most of the 130 messages talking about anti-corruption think a surveillance system by the public should be established and officials' accountability should be intensified. As for income distribution, the income gap between rural and urban areas, income chasing after inflation and same work with different pay are mentioned the most.

一位上海读者说道，"什么都可从长计议，唯食品安全刻不容缓，应该像对待毒品一样，重点打击整治。不然愈演愈烈，不消多年，病夫成堆，病患成群。"

A reader from Shanghai says that everything can be discussed further before making a decision except for food safety. We should intensify the crackdown on food safety infringements just like dealing with drugs, he says, before a growing number of Chinese people fall ill due to unsafe food years from now.

本次手机问政调查与往年的最大不同之处，在于读者们不约而同提到环境问题。环保成为最意外的民生热点"黑马 "。此外，也有读者开始关注国人的思想，并认为它与当今社会不良风气的产生具有相关性。

1. 环境保护环保问题(170条，9.7%)成为此次手机问政的第三大热点话题，仅次于教育和房价。环保成为热点既是意料之外，也是意料之中。近期全国各地频现的雾霾和地下水污染问题，推动了早已进入公众视线的环保问题一跃成为公众关注的焦点。关于空气质量恶化的原因，大多数读者提到清洁能源比重偏低、燃煤排放、汽车尾气等原因。

The environment issue (170 messages, 9.7%) is ranked No 3 in the hot topics, only after education and house prices, which is unpredictable but not surprising. Smoggy air and ground water pollution are stimulating people's attention these days. When talking of the reason for air pollution, most mention the low proportion of clean energy usage in China, coal consumption and vehicle emissions.

在环保方面，还有不少读者提到农村环境污染问题，指出"农村固体垃圾污染遍地，农村水污染更是严重"，甚至发出"小时候的清澈河流再也找不回"的感叹，希望农村污染尽快得到有关部门关注。

There are some readers calling for relevant authorities to pay attention to the environmental pollution in rural areas. "Solid waste is everywhere and the water pollution is even worse in the countryside," some messages say. "There are no more rivers as clean and clear as when I was a child," some say. 

2. 国民思想/文化思考国民的思想文化素养(45条，2.6%)首次在手机问政中得到这么多关注。经济在高速发展，思想层面的东西也不容忽视，因为"国民思想是国家的灵魂"，一位福建福州的读者说道。一位北京读者也表示，"社会的诸多问题，大部分是因为我们国家人文思潮的偏向"。广东广州的一位读者更是坦言："当代人普遍'向钱看'，也许是时候重塑整个社会的价值观了"。

Cultural thinking of the whole nation is grabbing a great deal of attention for the first time in the annual survey. With the economy rapidly growing, what the people think should not be neglected, says a reader from Fuzhou, Fujian, who calls national ideology "the soul of a nation." He gets agreement from a Beijing reader, who says in his own message that "many social problems nowadays are the result of a deviation of cultural thought across the country." And according to a reader from Guangzhou, Guangdong, "we are becoming more materialistic and maybe it is time for our whole nation to remodel itself on what we have valued the most."

本次调查中，"幸福"一共被读者提及40多次，"公平"被提及150多次，"和谐"40多次，与"老有所依"相关的词汇被提及90多次。这些高频词的出现也在一定程度上体现了公众的核心诉求。

1. 幸福

--住房问题解决不了，何谈幸福呢？(河南新乡读者)

If housing problems cannot be solved, how could we be happy?

--主导百姓幸福指数的因素，还有精神思想。(福建福州读者)

When talking about elements affecting the happiness index, we should not forget spiritual thoughts.

2. 公平

--18大提出改革是最大的红利，那就要让这个红利公平地惠及每一位努力向上的民众。(内蒙古包头读者)

The 18th National Congress of the CPC says that reform is the greatest dividend. Then let the dividend be distributed to every hardworking Chinese equitably.

--养老何时才能逐步实现公平？(江苏南京读者)

When can social securities guarantee fairness among pensioners?

3. 和谐

--"安居"是构建和谐社会的根本，是国家长治久安的根本。(山东潍坊读者)

Only when everyone settles down in a comfortable house that a harmonious and politically stable society can be achieved.

--农民工的福利问题关系着城市的发展、农村的进步、社会的和谐。(陕西西安读者)

The welfare of rural migrant workers relates to urban development, rural progress and a harmonious society.

4. 老有所依

--母亲与共和国同龄，自20多岁开始做乡村医生。现在老了，国家对她们这批人没有什么政策。老有所依，难以实现。(山东潍坊读者)

Mum has the same age as the People's Republic of China. She had been a rural doctor since she was in her early 20s. No relative policies benefit them as they are getting old. It seems impossible for them to have a decent standard of living now.

--提起新中国教育发展史，不能忘记民办教师这个群体。现在许多未转为公办的他们已年逾花甲。社会应该给予他们更多关怀，让他们老有所依。(山东青岛读者)

When talking about the educational history of the People's Republic of China, we should not forget those called "citizenmanaged teachers". Now some of them, failing to become a regular teacher, are in their 60s. Society should give them more care and let them have a decent standard of living.

[学潮词] 本次调查中，以下话题也被不少读者提及：

社会保障social security

稳定物价price stability

三农问题rural issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers

药品安全drug safety

上班族过劳overworked white-collars

大学生村官college students serving as village officials

春运车票train tickets during the Spring Festival travel rush

高速免费free expressway

同性恋问题homosexual problems

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