A digital copyright is a complex concept involving diverse rights, said Liu Chengyong, general manager of Digital Media Co Ltd. To be used legally, an e-book requires permission for rights of reproduction and network transmission.

The rights involved vary with different kinds of digital media, Liu noted

With such multiple uses possible, it is a challenge for publishing houses and writers to sign a fair contract for digital use, China Intellectual Property Newspaper remarked.

Adding to the chaos is China's difficulty in enforcing copyrights as shown by the surfeit of Internet piracy. And even writers themselves need greater awareness about copyrights.

"I have no idea about digital copyrights and don't know whether I have authorized them to the publishing houses in formal contracts. After all, I don't get any profit from it, " said the famous writer Yi Zhongtian at a forum.

After authorizing their works for use but not being paid, increasing numbers of writers are refusing to transfer their digital copyrights or limiting authorization to publishers for resort to a short-term use only.

A CWWCS investigation of more than 100 publishing houses nationwide in 2009 showed that publishers had digital copyrights for at most 20 percent of their publications and some had only 10 percent.

Zhang said a joint effort should be made as soon as possible to promote healthy development of the Chinese e-reader industry as well as the overall copyright protection environment.

He said e-reader makers should develop more anti-piracy techniques and writers should increase their knowledge of copyrights to better protect their interests.

Modification of relevant laws and regulations should also be a priority, Zhang remarked.

The Digital Copyright Certification Center- the first domestic professional institution in the field - was established in May to help bring order to the digital publishing market.

China Daily

(China Daily 08/18/2010 page14)