NEW DELHI - Sonal Agarwal says her disfigured face
is a constant reminder of the most terrifying night of her life - her wedding
night.
"My husband just went crazy. He said he wanted to kill me and lashed out at
me with a knife and cut my face." said Sonal, tugging a blue scarf covering her
head to hide slash wounds on her left cheek.
The 22-year-old student from the north Indian city of Chandigarh thought she
was heading for a prosperous new life in the West with a British-born Indian
doctor after he chose her from scores of women who replied to his advert seeking
a bride.
But after leaving her family and homeland to live in the UK, Sonal found her
new husband was a fraud.
"He was mentally sick and wasn't a doctor and didn't have a job. His family
tricked me and now my life is finished," she said.
Women's groups say every year hundreds of starry-eyed girls seeking a better
life in the West are duped into wedlock by men of Indian origin living in the
diaspora -- in countries like the United States, Britain, Canada and Australia
-- mostly for money.
"Thousands of Indian men in the West come here and advertise in matrimonials
every year," said Yogesh Mehta from the National Commission for Women, a
government body for women's rights.
"While many are honest about who they are, there are also a lot who lie about
their jobs, economic and marital status often to get the dowry," he added.
Dowries -- often jewellery, expensive clothing, motorcars and money -- are
given by the bride's family to the groom and his parents, traditionally to
ensure the bride will be comfortable in her new home.
The custom, outlawed in India more than four decades ago but still widely
practiced, is often exploited with the groom's family demanding more money in
return for not abusing the bride.
Women's groups say the number of women marrying men of Indian origin living
overseas or Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) is rising proportionately as the Indian
population overseas increases.
Consequently, there are an increasing number of complaints from women who are
victims of fraud or "cheat" marriages.
"Everyday we get around three complaints just to our ministry alone from
women who are victims of these marriages," said one official from the ministry
of Overseas Indian Affairs.
"It's a serious issue which needs to be tackled as some of the stories of
what happens to these girls can be quite shocking," the official added.
Very often the women go abroad after the wedding only to find themselves
abandoned with no one turn to, no money, no ability to speak the local language
and no knowledge of the norms and customs of the alien country.
Other women tell tales of being battered or kept prisoner in the home and
treated like domestic workers. Some even find their new husband is already
married to someone else.
There are also cases of "holiday brides" -- women abandoned in India within
days or weeks of marriage with the husband promising to return once visa
arrangements have been made for his wife, but never actually doing so.
There are no accurate numbers on how many cheat marriages take place, but
some reports say India's northern state of Punjab, which has a large community
overseas, has so far registered 15,000 cases alone.
Other states like Gujarat and Kerala have also seen cases.
But activists say the number of deceived brides is under-reported with many
unwilling to speak out, fearing the shame and stigma associated with being a
divorced or separated woman in traditional Indian society.
In many parts of India, a match for their daughter with an Indian living
abroad is coveted by parents lured by the prospect of greener pastures for the
entire family.
Eager not to let go of such lucrative offers, the families often ignore the
common cautions that are observed in traditional Indian matchmaking.
"If a marriage proposal comes from a man in India, then checks are made about
him and his family through mutual acquaintances and other ways," said Sneha
Singh, a social worker and victim of a fraud marriage to an Indian living
abroad.
"But when it's an NRI no one bothers to check anything because he is from the
West so he is thought to be rich and respectable."
Activists say social awareness campaigns must be held advising families to
check a groom's background -- perhaps through his voter registration card,
social security number, employment record and tax returns -- which would show
his true status.
They also argue legislation must be reviewed as even those brides brave
enough to seek justice get entangled in a web of legal complexities due to the
different laws pertaining to marriage in India and the country where the NRI
husband is from.
Activists suggest bilateral pacts with countries with a large Indian
population to facilitate recognition and enforcement of -foreign divorce
decrees, child custody orders and property rights.
India must also make it compulsory for marriages to be registered which will
give more legal protection to the duped bride, women's groups
add.