Study reveals history of cat domestication

WASHINGTON — Whether they are Siamese, Persian, Maine Coon, or Domestic Shorthair, there are hundreds of millions of cats living with people around the world. But despite their popularity as pets, the history of cat domestication has remained difficult for scientists to decipher.

However, a new genome study is providing some insight into the matter by determining the timing of a key milestone in feline domestication — the introduction of domestic cats into Europe from North Africa.

Domestic cats pounced into Europe roughly 2,000 years ago in early imperial Roman times, the researchers found, probably thanks to maritime trade. Some of these furry trailblazers may have been brought aboard ships by sailors to hunt mice as they plied the Mediterranean, carrying grain from the fertile fields of Egypt to ports serving Rome and other cities in the sprawling Roman Empire.

The findings contradict a long-held idea that domestication occurred in prehistoric times, perhaps 6,000 to 7,000 years ago, as farmers from the ancient Near East and Middle East first moved into Europe, bringing cats with them.

"We show that the earliest domestic cat genomes in Europe are found from the Roman imperial period onward," starting in the first century AD, said paleogeneticist Claudio Ottoni of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, lead author of the study published on Thursday in the journal Science.

The study used genetic data from feline remains from 97 archaeological sites across Europe and the Near East, as well as from present-day cats. The researchers analyzed 225 cat bones — domestic and wild — ranging from about 10,000 years ago to the 19th century AD, and generated 70 ancient feline genomes.

The researchers found that cat remains from prehistoric sites in Europe belonged to wildcats, not early domestic cats.

Dogs were the first animal domesticated by people, descended from an ancient wolf population separate from modern wolves. The domestic cat came later, descended from the African wildcat.

"The introduction of the domestic cat to Europe is important because it marks a significant moment in its long-term relationship with humans. Cats aren't just another species arriving on a new continent. It is an animal that became deeply integrated into human societies, economies and even belief systems," University of Rome Tor Vergata paleogeneticist and study co-author Marco De Martino said.

Cats, for example, were important in ancient Egypt, whose pantheon included feline deities and whose royalty kept pet cats, sometimes mummifying them for burial in elaborate coffins.

The study, however, does not unravel the timing and location of the initial feline domestication.

"Cat domestication is complex," Ottoni said, "and what we can tell now is the timing of the introduction of domestic cats to Europe from North Africa. We can't really say much about what happened before and where".

Agencies via Xinhua