Study: Ice Age humans may have migrated from China to Americas, Japan

By tracing contemporary and ancient human DNA, a group of Chinese and international scientists have recently discovered evidence of Ice Age human migrations from northern coastal China to the Americas and Japan.

It is widely recognized that the ancestors of Native Americans came primarily from Siberia. But recent genetic, geological and archaeological evidence shows that there were many waves of human migration to the Americas from different parts of Eurasia.

Researchers from the Kunming Institute of Zoology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Kunming, Yunnan province, and from other institutions in China and Italy, collected more than 100,000 contemporary and 15,000 ancient DNA samples from Eurasia. They identified 216 contemporary and 39 ancient samples belonging to an ancestral lineage that exists in mitochondrial DNA and can be used to track kinship through female lineage.

The researchers discovered two waves of migration from northern coastal China to the Americas. The first was during the Ice Age between 26,000 and 19,500 years ago, and the second during the subsequent melting period between 19,000 and 11,500 years ago.

They also found that concurrent to the second wave, a group of ancient people sharing the same ancestral lineage migrated to Japan.

According to Li Yuchun, lead researcher at the Kunming Institute of Zoology, the study showed that northern coastal populations in ancient China contributed to the gene pool of Native Americans, in addition to sources from Siberia, Australia-Melanesia and Southeast Asia.

The study also showed that this ancestral source contributed to the Japanese gene pool, especially the indigenous Ainu people, and helps explain archaeological similarities between the Paleolithic inhabitants of China, Japan and the Americas.

The study was published in the journal Cell Reports.

Xinhua