Polarized US puts military under strain

In an extraordinary open letter, eight former defense secretaries and five former chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff have warned that the "extreme strain of political polarization" in the US and recent events at home and abroad have brought civilian-military relations to a low point.

"We are in an exceptionally challenging civil-military environment," the former top Pentagon officials said in the letter published on Tuesday by War on the Rocks, an online platform in the United States for analysis of national security and foreign affairs issues. "Many of the factors that shape civil-military relations have undergone extreme strain in recent years."

The eight defense secretaries who put their names to the letter served under Democratic and Republican administrations.

Two former Trump administration defense secretaries, Mark Esper and James Mattis, who were removed from office by president Donald Trump, signed the letter, as did Ash Carter, William Cohen, Robert Gates, Chuck Hagel, Leon Panetta and William Perry.

Each of the Pentagon's retired top military officers since October 2001 also added their signatures: generals Martin Dempsey, Joseph Dunford, Richard Myers and Peter Pace, and retired admiral Mike Mullen.

Mullen, who was the Joint Chiefs chairman under presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, told The Washington Post that he is concerned the US is "on the threshold of losing a democracy", describing the Jan 6, 2021, attack on the US Capitol as a wake-up call. Virtually "everything is politicized" at the moment, Mullen said, putting great pressure on military leaders to disregard their nonpartisan traditions.

"We live in remarkably confusing times, and clarity on this issue is very important," he said. "It's a really dangerous time for us in the military, and the forces are out there to try to politicize us more, so clarity here is really important."

In the letter, none of the leaders cite a political leader or party for the situation. But Mullen told The New York Times that while Trump wasn't mentioned, his comments while in office contributed to the strained relationship the letter mentions. He pointed specifically to reports that Trump asked his chief of staff, John Kelly, why he couldn't have loyal military aides like the "German generals in World War II".

The letter "is not pointed at Trump, but when you hear him talk about Hitler's generals, well, that's not who we are", he said.

The leaders wrote that the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan concluded "without all the goals satisfactorily accomplished" and the US is preparing for "more daunting competition" with other nations.

The coronavirus pandemic and the "divisiveness of affective polarization "that resulted "in the first election in over a century when the peaceful transfer of political power was in doubt" were also stated as factors that have contributed to the strain.

"All of these factors could well get worse before they get better," the letter read. "In such an environment, it is helpful to review the core principles and best practices by which civilian and military professionals have conducted healthy American civil-military relations in the past－and can continue to do so, if vigilant and mindful."

The Washington Post said the origin of the letter was a discussion that began in the spring between Dempsey and Peter Feaver, a civil-military affairs scholar who is sometimes consulted by Pentagon leaders and who teaches with Dempsey at Duke University. They wanted to define best practices for civil-military affairs after Trump and some of his advisers alarmed Pentagon leaders with their rhetoric and ideas, Feaver told the newspaper.

"We realized that there was a need for a restatement of what civilian control means, and how it applies," Feaver said. "It was striking that as General Dempsey reached out to them to get them involved, to a person they said, 'Oh, yeah. That's important. We need to do that.'"