US draws fewer new foreign students for 3rd straight year, report finds

WASHINGTON－The number of foreign students enrolling in US colleges and universities continued to fall last year, according to a new report, but the administration of US President Donald Trump blamed the drop on high tuition costs.

An annual report from the Institute of International Education found that the number of newly enrolled international students dipped by 1 percent in fall 2018 compared to the year before. It follows decreases of 7 percent and 3 percent in the previous two years. Those were the first downturns in more than a decade.

The drop is a worry for universities that have come to rely on tuition from foreign students, who typically pay higher rates. Some schools have blamed Trump's anti-immigrant rhetoric for driving students away, but officials at the US State Department, which pays for the annual report, dismissed the idea.

Caroline Casagrande, deputy assistant secretary for academic programs at the department's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, said students are deterred by the high tuition cost to attend US schools. She said the downturn is tied to students who were applying to college during the Barack Obama administration, and that the numbers appear to be rebounding under Trump.

"What we've seen today is a dramatically better picture compared to last year's declines," Casagrande said during a phone call with reporters. "The Trump administration has dedicated more resources than ever to international student mobility."

While fewer new students came this year, the study found that more are staying for professional training after they graduate. More than 220,000 were granted permission to stay for temporary work through a federal program, an increase of about 10 percent over fall 2017.

China continued to send more students than any other country, followed by India, South Korea and Saudi Arabia. But booming years of growth from China have leveled off. The number of overall Chinese students in the country ticked up by less than 2 percent, and some campuses have seen major decreases in Chinese enrollment.

The number of Chinese students at the University of Alabama has decreased by 43 percent over the past two years, to 266, according to the university's annual enrollment report. At the University of Iowa and Kansas State University, Chinese enrollments fell by about a third in that time span.

Declines from China have been attributed to several factors. Chinese students have reported difficulty getting US visas amid a trade war between the two nations. Universities in Australia and Canada have worked harder to attract Chinese students. And some scholars say concerns over academic espionage have fueled anti-China sentiment on US campuses.

Recent pitch

US State Department officials said they're working to ease tensions and encourage Chinese students to study in the US. The department recently sent a delegation to China to promote academic exchanges, and US Ambassador to China Terry Branstad recently wrote an op-ed in a Chinese youth publication inviting students to study at US schools.

"The State Department has been working hard to make sure Chinese students know they're welcome in the United States," Casagrande said. "We want these Chinese students here."

The report also found that far fewer students are coming from Saudi Arabia, a shift that began in 2017 after the Gulf nation scaled back a scholarship program for global study. There were also dips in students coming from South Korea, Japan and Mexico.

Meanwhile, the US attracted growing numbers of students from Asia, Latin America and Africa. Numbers from Brazil and Bangladesh jumped 10 percent last year, the report found, while Nigeria ticked up 6 percent. Many universities have shifted their recruiting efforts to those areas in recent years as they look to offset losses from China.

"More institutions are expanding their outreach in more regions," said Mirka Martel, the head of research, evaluation and learning at the Institute of International Education, which is based in New York. "This growth demonstrates how attractive a US education is for students around the world."

The academic subjects students study are also starting to shift. The number of students studying business, an area that has long been a draw for Chinese students, fell by 7 percent last year, the report found. Meanwhile, math and computer science each saw a 9 percent increase and surpassed business as the number two subject behind engineering.

While the report focuses on data from 2018, it also included early findings for this year. Among more than 500 schools surveyed, the number of newly enrolled foreign students fell by 1 percent again in 2019, while the number of total international students fell by about 2 percent.