北京残奥会项目双语介绍-英语点津

北京残奥会的比赛项目有20个大项，即射箭、田径、硬地滚球、自行车、马术、5人制足球、7人制足球、盲人门球、盲人柔道、举重、赛艇、帆船、射击、游泳、乒乓球、坐式排球、轮椅击剑、轮椅篮球、轮椅橄榄球和轮椅网球。根据残奥会规则，所有项目将根据运动员的残疾类别和残疾程度进行分级，共设471枚金牌，以保证体育的公平竞争和比赛安全。以下是北京残奥会20个大项的双语介绍：

Archery 射箭

In general outdoor archery competitions, the target is placed at different distances ranging from 30 meters to 90 meters, however in Paralympic competition only a 70 meter distance is used. In indoor competitions, the distances are 18 meters and 25 meters. The size of the target also varies with the distance. At the longer distances, it has a diameter of 122cm while at the 18 meter distance it is only 40cm.The archery classification system is divided into three different classes: ARST, ARW1 and ARW2.

参加残奥会射箭比赛的选手为肢体残疾的运动员。射箭项目根据运动员上下肢和躯干的功能进行分级，站姿称为ARST级；坐姿组为：ARW1级和ARW2级。一般的室外射箭比赛，箭靶距离从30米至90米不等。但是残奥会射箭比赛只设70米靶，分为站姿和坐姿两个组别，包括个人赛和团体赛。

Athletics 田径

The competition programme includes Track and Field events, Throwing and Jumping events, the Marathon and Pentathlon. It involves the largest number of male and female athletes and the largest number of events.

残奥会田径比赛项目包括径赛、田赛、马拉松和五项全能四大类。田径比赛项目的最多的，参加田径比赛的男女运动员人数也是最多的。

Boccia 硬地滚球

A match consists of four ends in the individuals and pairs competitions and of six ends in the team division. Each end continues until both teams have played all of their balls.The match is started by throwing the white target ball or the "jack" into the playing area. The same player also rolls the first Boccia ball as close as possible to the jack. The athletes use their hands, feet or an assistive device where required, to propel the balls. Thereafter the opposing team throws until they get a ball closer to the jack or until they have thrown all of their team's balls. Play then returns to the first team. The end continues in this manner until both teams have thrown all of their balls.

硬地滚球比赛时运动员须坐在轮椅上进行投球，得分以投出的球距目标球的距离计算，累积分最高者获胜。单打与双打比赛每场4局，每局单打每个选手投6个球，双打每个选手投3个球。团体比赛共有6局，每局每队3名队员各投2个球。当参赛者因严重的运动能力障碍影响到四肢时，可使用脚或辅助装置将球推出。投球时，辅助设备不得超过投掷线，臀部不能离开轮椅，否则判为罚分或被取消投掷球。

Cycling 自行车

Athletes with cerebral palsy compete on road and track using standard racing bicycles. Athletes with balance difficulties compete on tricycles, but only in Road events. Athletes with a visual impairment compete on tandem bicycles, both Road and Track, with a sighted pilot. Amputees and riders with other permanent physical disabilities, compete on Road and Track, using standard racing bicycles. Athletes who are wheelchair users and are unable to ride a standard racing bicycle, or tricycle, due to severe lower limb disabilities, compete in Road events using three-wheeled handcycles. For all classes, approved disability specific adaptations are permitted, if necessary for the improvement of safety.

残奥会自行车比赛分为场地赛和公路赛。场地赛包括计时赛、追逐赛、争先赛和团体竞速赛；公路赛包括个人计时赛和长距离个人赛（集体出发）。

Equestrian 马术

In official competitions, Dressage riders compete in two types of competition:

Championship Test: Competitors perform set movements as defined by the IPEC. Freestyle Test (also known as a Kur): Riders create their own pattern of movements called a floor plan. The plan has to incorporate compulsory movements as defined by the IPEC. The test is ridden to music that the rider chooses to match and enhance the paces of the horse. The test should clearly show the unity between rider and horse as well as rhythm and harmony in all the movements and transitions.

残奥会马术比赛分为个人赛和团体赛，包括个人锦标赛比赛和盛装舞步比赛。个人赛分四个等级，团体赛无等级差别。