US farmers eye China's growing market (AP) Updated: 2005-11-07 07:09
China's huge population and rising standard of living have U.S. farmers
hoping the Chinese will cross culinary lines and sample fare that's a little
more foreign to them.
Many of China's 1.3 billion people, with ever more disposable income, are
becoming more receptive to different food choices, said New York State
Agricultural Commissioner Nathan Rudgers. He traveled to China last month to
help market U.S. agricultural goods, including dairy products from his home
state.
While it may seem obvious that farmers would look to China as a place to
expand there are numerous hurdles to clear to make it profitable.
In 2004, the United States exported $5.5 billion of agricultural products to
China while importing $1.6 billion worth of that country's farm goods. The
largest U.S. agricultural exports to China were soybeans, cotton and other raw
products. Factories paying low wages turn the raw materials into goods, such as
clothing, that are often then sold back to the United States at prices lower
than are sustainable by U.S. manufacturers.
Agriculture officials in the United States hope to change that. They foresee
a time when the average Chinese, like the Japanese, will partake of everything
from California wines to New York bagels and bialys.
"There are people that are leaving their rural livelihoods and are coming to
the cities and (China) has a demonstrated record of raising the wealth of a huge
population in a very short period of time," Rudgers said. "And all those people
with newfound wealth are looking for improved diets and looking to try new and
different things."
Still, officials concede it could be a stretch to get the Chinese — without
Japan's freer market economy and embrace of American pop culture — to buy and
enjoy foods such as cheddar cheese or breakfast cereal that are common to
Americans.
"They are not used to eating something in a bowl that is not warm," Rudgers
said. "It's rare they would eat something without chopsticks. Being (that) fresh
milk has been hard to come by, the concept of taking cold cereal, putting it in
a bowl and pouring fresh milk on it is totally foreign to them."
The U.S. market share of agricultural products in China is about 8 percent.
Officials hope that number will grow to around 20 percent by 2010. That may be a
tall order considering it took two decades to get to the current market share.
"China is a huge market opportunity, but there are differences in what we can
produce and what they can pay," said Duncan Hilchey, an agricultural development
specialist at Cornell University. "If in time their economy grows and we can
produce products at a price they can afford we may be able to find things we can
sell them. Currently it's the reverse."
China has multiple markets that vary by region. And wealth levels differ
greatly from the major cities like Shanghai and Beijing to the rural, less
developed areas of the interior.
"You can't just say `I'm going to go sell in China,'" said DeWitt Ashby of
the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture. "It's way too big
and complex a place."
For example, a U.S Department of Agriculture report highlighted Chongqing, a
city on the Yangtze River with a population of 6 million, as a potential market
for U.S. goods that has largely been untouched. There were 76 supermarkets in
Chongqing, covering more than 1 million square meters and numerous five-star
hotels catering to business executives, according to the report. But the report
also noted there are problems with distribution to the city.
China likely will have little choice but to become a larger importer of food
as its economy develops fast and living standards rise steadily.
China has "a quarter of the world's population and 6 percent of the world's
arable land," Rudgers said. "There's an equation there that suggests they are
going to be consumers of food and agriculture products in a developed economy."
U.S. businesses, however, may have to take losses at first to get established
across the Pacific.
"It is about having patience," he said. "It is starting not with containers
but individual cases of product and being willing to serve that market probably
at a loss for a time until folks develop a taste for what we're
providing."
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