Peruvians
elected a rags-to-riches economist as their next president in
a vote that highlighted persisting racial divisions in the land
where Spanish conquistadors defeated the ancient Inca Empire.
With 87 percent
of the vote counted Monday, Alejandro Toledo defeated Alan Garcia,
52 percent to 48 percent. International observers said Sunday's
runoff election was Peru's cleanest vote in years.
"Tonight
Peruvians celebrate the triumph of democracy," Toledo told
thousands gathered in front of the Sheraton Hotel in downtown
Lima. "I swear, brothers and sisters, I will never let you
down."
Toledo, a
shoeshine boy who rose from poverty to become a World Bank economist
before entering politics, will become Peru's first freely elected
president of Indian descent and probably the first president ever
in Latin America who made Indian pride a cornerstone of his campaign.
Toledo capitalized
on his dark, chiseled Indian features and short stature to mount
a campaign replete with imagery of triumphant Inca emperors and
with odes to Indian glory.
Such rhetoric
came as a shock in a country where Indians face discrimination
in almost every walk of life and where two of the top television
comedy acts are white men frolicking around as silly Indian women
in colorful skirts.
Garcia, a
6-foot-3 Spanish-looking former president, used flowery language
to overcome memories of his calamitous 1985-90 presidency, marred
by corruption, guerrilla violence, food shortages and hyperinflation.
He returned
to Peru in January to seek re-election after nearly nine years
in exile waiting for corruption charges against him to expire.
Despite his loss, he emerges as Peru's strongest opposition voice
and a force to be reckoned with in the future.
Garcia's campaign
stumbled because it failed to reach the Indian and mixed-race
population that makes up 80 percent of Peru's 26 million people.
Many of those voters found a new hope in Toledo.
"He will
be a symbol for all of Peru," said Mariano de la Cruz, 62,
an Indian migrant from the highlands state of Ayacucho, after
voting in a Lima slum. "It's a source of pride that for the
first time in my life I'll have someone of Indian race governing
me."
With partial
regional results tallied, it was clear that the heavily Indian
highlands voted largely for Toledo, while Garcia took coastal
areas dominated by descendants of the Spanish conquistadors.
Toledo's campaign
clearly targeted people with indigenous roots. Calling himself
"a stubborn Indian with a cause," he used symbols of
the ancient Inca Empire and dressed in pointy hats and multicolored
tunics during campaign stops.
"This
is a very racist society," Toledo said during his final campaign
stop in the highlands city of Cuzco. "The elitist leadership
still has trouble digesting the possibility that someone like
us could come to govern."
Anthropologist
Juan Ossio said Toledo recognized the potential political force
of Peru's Indian population during his first presidential campaign
in 1995 when his campaign slogan was "a Peruvian like you"
and finally was able to capitalize on it this year.
"He has
learned to play very well with the symbols of Andean culture,"
Ossio said. "Now President Toledo has the duty to build bridges
so the two cultures can come together."
Toledo acknowledged
that responsibility in his victory speech, pledging to be "a
president for all Peruvians."
But, he added:
"In me, you'll have the same Alejandro who walks the streets,
the same Alejandro who reaches out his hand to touch yours."
Toledo campaigned
largely on a populist platform. He has pledged to create 2.5 million
jobs, raise salaries for public workers and lower taxes.
"He knows
the poverty we endure," said Indian voter Primitiva Huaman,
58. "He knows all our suffering."
(Agencies)