A pair of car bombs ripped through lunchtime crowds in India's financial capital, Bombay, on Monday, killing 46 people and wreaking havoc at a crowded jewelry market and a popular historic landmark. More than 150 people were wounded.

Police Commissioner Ranjit Sharma blamed India's longtime rival, Pakistan, saying suspicion in the blast fell on Islamic militant groups "let loose by the enemy country."

The groups are the focus of the investigation, but victims from the explosions were almost certain to include both Muslims and Hindus.

The bombs were hidden in the trunks of two taxis and exploded within five minutes of each other, police said. Several people were being interrogated, including one taxi driver. No one immediately claimed responsibility for the bombings.

The timing raised concerns the blasts was linked to a dispute over a religious site in the northern city of Ayodhya claimed by both Hindus and Muslims that has been the source of much bloodshed in the past. The bombings came hours after the release of a long-awaited archaeological report on the site that itself showed divisions over the site's history.

Sharma, the police commissioner, specifically mentioned the Students Islamic Movement of India, or SIMI, a militant Muslim students' group outlawed in 2001, and Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, one of more than a dozen Islamic rebel groups fighting Indian security forces in Kashmir since 1989, seeking independence for the Himalayan province or its merger with Muslim-dominated Pakistan.

The reference to Pakistan could increase tension between the nuclear-armed neighbors at a time when the two countries are taking steps to improve relations. Pakistan has condemned the attacks.

On Tuesday, police declared a special alert in New Delhi and several other cities as police checked vehicles, stepped up street patrols and urged citizens to be on guard for possible bombs.

In a cramped shoe store in a corner of the jewelry market, Hindu shopowner Tilak Raj mourned the death of his Muslim employee, Abdul Mullah.

"He had just left the shop and was sitting under a tree when the buildings shook," Raj said. Like many witnesses, he described torn and dismembered limbs strewn by the blast in the narrow road lined with shops. The street was littered with shattered glass and metal and the slippers left by crowds trampling each other to flee.

Pakistan — which has fought three wars with India and came close to a fourth last year — quickly condemned the attacks as "an act of terrorism."

"We deplore these attacks and we sympathize with the victims and their families," Pakistan Foreign Ministry spokesman Masood Khan said. "I think that such wanton targeting of civilians should be condemned in the strongest possible terms."

New Delhi accuses Pakistan of supporting militants, which Islamabad denies. Indian police said there was no direct evidence linking those groups, or Pakistan, to Monday's bombings.

Secretary of State Colin Powell telephoned Indian External Affairs Minister Yashwant Sinha to voice his outrage and to extend condolences to the Indian government and people.

In March, a bomb attack on a Bombay train, which police blamed on Islamic militants, killed 11 people and wounded 64 others. That explosion came a day after the 10th anniversary of a series of bombings in Bombay that killed more than 250 people in 1993 and were blamed on Islamic militants seeking to avenge Muslim deaths in the riots that followed the mosque's razing.

The attacks appeared aimed more at the city itself than at members of a particular religion.

One of the bombs exploded at the Gateway of India, a historic landmark and tourist attraction built by India's former British colonizers to commemorate the 1911 visit of King George V. The massive arch is often host to outdoor concerts and is a popular lunchtime eating spot for both Hindus and Muslims. The other blast was at the crowded neighborhood of jewelry stores, where many shops are owned by Hindus but where many of the artisans are Muslims.

"All kinds of people work here — Hindus, Muslims and Christians," said Ali Asghar, 24, a student whose father works in a bank near the jewelry market. "This is not about religion."

But his father feared Muslims would be blamed — and that anti-Muslim riots could follow.

"I don't want to leave Bombay. Where would we go? We feel safe here," said Mohammed Asghar.

Sushil Kumar Shinde, chief minister of Maharashtra, the state where Bombay is located, said the explosions had targeted the city's economy. "The blasts have thrown up a challenge to the resilience of this city," he told a news conference.

Two people died overnight, increasing the death toll to 46, the police control room said. Javed Ahmed, a police commissioner for Bombay, said at least 150 people were injured. Stock prices plunged after the blast reports. The benchmark index of Bombay Stock Exchange, the Sensex, closed at 4,005, down 119 points or 3 percent.

The blasts came just hours after the release of the archaeological report on the religious site in Ayodhya, where in 1992 Hindu mobs tore down the 16th-century Babri mosque, which they say was built on a temple marking the birthplace of their supreme god, Rama. More than 2,000 died in the nationwide violence that followed.

The report issued Monday by government archaeologists indicated there had been an ancient structure at the site, lawyers for both sides said, though they disagreed on whether it said there had actually been a temple.

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